Base64 (OpenAM Server Only 6.5.5 Documentation)

java.lang.Object
- org.forgerock.util.encode.Base64

```
public final class Base64
extends Object
```
A very fast and memory efficient class to encode and decode to and from BASE64 in full accordance with RFC 2045.

On Windows XP sp1 with 1.4.2_04 and later ;), this encoder and decoder is about 10 times faster on small arrays (10 - 1000 bytes) and 2-3 times as fast on larger arrays (10000 - 1000000 bytes) compared to sun.misc.Encoder()/Decoder().

On byte arrays the encoder is about 20% faster than Jakarta Commons Base64 Codec for encode and about 50% faster for decoding large arrays. This implementation is about twice as fast on very small arrays (< 30 bytes). If source/destination is a String this version is about three times as fast due to the fact that the Commons Codec result has to be recoded to a String from byte[], which is very expensive.

This encode/decode algorithm doesn't create any temporary arrays as many other codecs do, it only allocates the resulting array. This produces less garbage and it is possible to handle arrays twice as large as algorithms that create a temporary array. (E.g. Jakarta Commons Codec). It is unknown whether Sun's sun.misc.Encoder()/Decoder() produce temporary arrays but since performance is quite low it probably does.

The encoder produces the same output as the Sun one except that the Sun's encoder appends a trailing line separator if the last character isn't a pad. Unclear why but it only adds to the length and is probably a side effect. Both are in conformance with RFC 2045 though.
Commons codec seem to always att a trailing line separator.

Note! The encode/decode method pairs (types) come in three versions with the exact same algorithm and thus a lot of code redundancy. This is to not create any temporary arrays for transcoding to/from different format types. The methods not used can simply be commented out.

There is also a "fast" version of all decode methods that works the same way as the normal ones, but har a few demands on the decoded input. Normally though, these fast verions should be used if the source if the input is known and it hasn't bee tampered with.

If you find the code useful or you find a bug, please send me a note at base64 @ miginfocom . com.

Version:

2.2

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`static byte[]`	`decode(byte[] sArr)` Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array.
`static byte[]`	`decode(char[] sArr)` Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array.
`static byte[]`	`decode(String str)` Decodes a BASE64 encoded `String`.
`static byte[]`	`decodeFast(byte[] sArr)` Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array that is known to be resonably well formatted.
`static byte[]`	`decodeFast(char[] sArr)` Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array that is known to be resonably well formatted.
`static byte[]`	`decodeFast(String s)` Decodes a BASE64 encoded string that is known to be resonably well formatted.
`static String`	`encode(byte[] content)` This method is using `Base64.encode(byte[], boolean)`, and it only exists so we don't break the API.
`static String`	`encode(byte[] sArr, boolean lineSep)` Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 `String` representation i accordance with RFC 2045.
`static byte[]`	`encodeToByte(byte[] sArr, boolean lineSep)` Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 `byte[]` representation i accordance with RFC 2045.
`static char[]`	`encodeToChar(byte[] sArr, boolean lineSep)` Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 `char[]` representation i accordance with RFC 2045.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Method Detail
  - decode
```
public static byte[] decode(byte[] sArr)
```
    Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array. All illegal characters will be ignored and can handle both arrays with and without line separators.
    
    Parameters:
    
    sArr - The source array. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.
    
    Returns:
    
    The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0. Will be null if the legal characters (including '=') isn't divideable by 4. (I.e. definitely corrupted).
  - decode
```
public static byte[] decode(char[] sArr)
```
    Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array. All illegal characters will be ignored and can handle both arrays with and without line separators.
    
    Parameters:
    
    sArr - The source array. null or length 0 will return an empty array.
    
    Returns:
    
    The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0. Will be null if the legal characters (including '=') isn't divideable by 4. (I.e. definitely corrupted).
  - decode
```
public static byte[] decode(String str)
```
    Decodes a BASE64 encoded String. All illegal characters will be ignored and can handle both strings with and without line separators.
    Note! It can be up to about 2x the speed to call decode(str.toCharArray()) instead. That will create a temporary array though. This version will use str.charAt(i) to iterate the string.
    
    Parameters:
    
    str - The source string. null or length 0 will return an empty array.
    
    Returns:
    
    The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0. Will be null if the legal characters (including '=') isn't divideable by 4. (I.e. definitely corrupted).
  - decodeFast
```
public static byte[] decodeFast(byte[] sArr)
```
    Decodes a BASE64 encoded byte array that is known to be resonably well formatted. The method is about twice as fast as Base64.decode(byte[]). The preconditions are:
    + The array must have a line length of 76 chars OR no line separators at all (one line).
    + Line separator must be "\r\n", as specified in RFC 2045 + The array must not contain illegal characters within the encoded string
    + The array CAN have illegal characters at the beginning and end, those will be dealt with appropriately.
    
    Parameters:
    
    sArr - The source array. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.
    
    Returns:
    
    The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.
  - decodeFast
```
public static byte[] decodeFast(char[] sArr)
```
    Decodes a BASE64 encoded char array that is known to be resonably well formatted. The method is about twice as fast as Base64.decode(char[]). The preconditions are:
    + The array must have a line length of 76 chars OR no line separators at all (one line).
    + Line separator must be "\r\n", as specified in RFC 2045 + The array must not contain illegal characters within the encoded string
    + The array CAN have illegal characters at the beginning and end, those will be dealt with appropriately.
    
    Parameters:
    
    sArr - The source array. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.
    
    Returns:
    
    The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.
  - decodeFast
```
public static byte[] decodeFast(String s)
```
    Decodes a BASE64 encoded string that is known to be resonably well formatted. The method is about twice as fast as Base64.decode(String). The preconditions are:
    + The array must have a line length of 76 chars OR no line separators at all (one line).
    + Line separator must be "\r\n", as specified in RFC 2045 + The array must not contain illegal characters within the encoded string
    + The array CAN have illegal characters at the beginning and end, those will be dealt with appropriately.
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - The source string. Length 0 will return an empty array. null will throw an exception.
    
    Returns:
    
    The decoded array of bytes. May be of length 0.
  - encode
```
public static String encode(byte[] content)
```
    This method is using Base64.encode(byte[], boolean), and it only exists so we don't break the API.
    
    Parameters:
    
    content - The bytearray that needs to be Base64 encoded
    
    Returns:
    
    the Base64 encoded
  - encode
```
public static String encode(byte[] sArr,
                            boolean lineSep)
```
    Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 String representation i accordance with RFC 2045.
    
    Parameters:
    
    sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.
    
    lineSep - Optional "\r\n" after 76 characters, unless end of file.
    No line separator will be in breach of RFC 2045 which specifies max 76 per line but will be a little faster.
    
    Returns:
    
    A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.
  - encodeToByte
```
public static byte[] encodeToByte(byte[] sArr,
                                  boolean lineSep)
```
    Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 byte[] representation i accordance with RFC 2045.
    
    Parameters:
    
    sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.
    
    lineSep - Optional "\r\n" after 76 characters, unless end of file.
    No line separator will be in breach of RFC 2045 which specifies max 76 per line but will be a little faster.
    
    Returns:
    
    A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.
  - encodeToChar
```
public static char[] encodeToChar(byte[] sArr,
                                  boolean lineSep)
```
    Encodes a raw byte array into a BASE64 char[] representation i accordance with RFC 2045.
    
    Parameters:
    
    sArr - The bytes to convert. If null or length 0 an empty array will be returned.
    
    lineSep - Optional "\r\n" after 76 characters, unless end of file.
    No line separator will be in breach of RFC 2045 which specifies max 76 per line but will be a little faster.
    
    Returns:
    
    A BASE64 encoded array. Never null.

Class Base64

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Method Detail

decode

decode

decode

decodeFast

decodeFast

decodeFast

encode

encode

encodeToByte

encodeToChar